Spinal surgery procedures involve various surgical procedures that aim to treat spinal conditions that cause impaired mobility or chronic pain in patients. The spine is a vital part of our body's anatomy and plays a crucial role in our overall health, posture and lifestyle. The spine is composed of vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal cord and various nerves that control the functioning of the human body. However, spinal conditions such as herniated discs, scoliosis, spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease and spinal fractures can cause severe pain and discomfort. Spinal surgery procedures are performed by specialized spine surgeons and neurosurgeons who have extensive training, experience, and expertise in treating complex spinal conditions. These surgeons use advanced surgical techniques, intraoperative imaging, and specialized instruments to ensure successful surgical outcomes. The surgery can be performed through traditional open surgery or minimally invasive surgery (MIS), where small incisions are made in the skin to access the affected area. Open surgery involves making a larger incision in the skin and muscles to gain access to the spine, whereas MIS minimizes tissue disruption, leading to less postoperative pain and faster recovery. Some of the most common spinal procedures include discectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, and artificial disc replacement. Discectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the herniated or damaged portion of a disc between the vertebrae to relieve pressure on the nerves. Laminectomy is a surgery that involves removing the bone that covers the spinal canal to release pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure where two or more vertebrae are fused together to stabilize the spinal column. Artificial disc replacement involves removing the damaged disc and replacing it with an artificial disc. In conclusion, spinal surgery procedures are specialized surgeries that aim to treat complex spinal conditions and improve patients' quality of life. Successful outcomes depend on the surgeon's expertise, experience, and authoritativeness. Advanced surgical techniques, specialized instruments, and intraoperative imaging are utilized to ensure the best possible clinical outcomes for the patient. While traditional open surgery is still used, MIS is becoming increasingly popular as it minimizes tissue disruption, leading to less postoperative pain and faster recovery.